There exist a huge number of Laws in Physics & Chemistry. However, there are only a few that are really important in aerospace medicine. Most of these are the basic Gas Laws. Let's review some of the most important ones.
Ideal Gas Law: PV = nRT
The ideal gas law is the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas. It is a good approximation to the behaviour of many gases under many conditions, yet it has many limitations.
Boyle's Law: P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
At a constant temperature, the volume of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure. This is important for both flyers and divers as gas in the middle ear, sinuses, GI tract can expand and cause tissue injury. Read more about the condition of Trapped Gases.
Dalton's Law: PT = P1 + P2 + ... + Pn
The total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each gas. This law demonstrates how increasing altitude results in proportional decreases in the partial pressure of oxygen, causing Hypoxia at altitude.
Henry's Law: p = kHc
The amount of gas in solution varies directly with the partial pressure of that same gas over the solution. This can cause Decompression Sickness.
Charles' Law: V1/V2 = T1/T2
This law states that gas expands when heated if pressure is kept constant. This led to advances in lighter than air flight (hot air balloons).
The Speed of Sound = 761 mph at sea level
The speed of sound is a function of the square root of temperature. Objects moving at speeds greater than Mach 1 are traveling at supersonic speeds. SONIC BOOM!!!
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